fieldset
containing links
Screen reader compatibility
HTML WCAG
Sep 11, 2022
Expected Result: works in a screen reader
Actual Result: causes problems in 27 screen reader / browser combinations
WCAG Technique: H91
Code used for this test:
<fieldset>
<legend>Legend for enclosed links</legend>
<a href='/'>Home</a>
<a href='/about'>About</a>
<a href='/contact'>Contact</a>
</fieldset>
Reliability Trend
This graph shows reliability over time for this code in NVDA, JAWS and Voiceover. Other screen readers don't have enough historical data yet to plot trends.
Change History
Last updated: September 11, 2022
NVDA with Chrome Stable - OK from NVDA 2018.4 to NVDA 2022.2
NVDA with IE Causes problems in NVDA 2019.2
NVDA with FF Better - caused problems in NVDA 2017.3, but now OK in NVDA 2022.2
JAWS with Chrome Stable - OK from JAWS 2018.1811.2 to JAWS 2022.2207.25
JAWS with IE Causes problems in JAWS 2019.1912.1
JAWS with FF Stable - OK from JAWS 13.0.852 to JAWS 2022.2207.25
VoiceOver macOS Better - caused problems in VoiceOver macOS 10.10, but now OK in VoiceOver macOS 12.5
VoiceOver iOS Causes problems in VoiceOver iOS 15.6
WindowEyes with IE Causes problems in WindowEyes 9.2
Dolphin with IE Causes problems in Dolphin SR 15.05
SaToGo with IE Causes problems in SaToGo 3.4.96.0
Screen reader | Browser | Mode | Notes | What the user hears |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | Chrome 105 | Reading | Grouping, legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. Out of grouping. | |
![]() | Chrome 105 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, grouping, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | FF102 | Reading | Grouping, legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. Out of grouping. | |
![]() | FF102 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, grouping, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | Edge 105 | Reading | Grouping, legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. Out of grouping. | |
![]() | Edge 105 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, grouping, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | Chrome 94 | Reading | Grouping, legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. Out of grouping. | |
![]() | Chrome 94 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, grouping, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | FF91 | Reading | Grouping, legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. Out of grouping. | |
![]() | FF91 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, grouping, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | Edge 94 | Reading | Grouping, legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. Out of grouping. | |
![]() | Edge 94 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, grouping, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | Chrome 86 | Reading | Grouping, legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. Out of grouping. | |
![]() | Chrome 86 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, grouping, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | FF78 | Reading | Grouping, legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. Out of grouping. | |
![]() | FF78 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, grouping, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | Edge 92 | Reading | Grouping, legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. Out of grouping. | |
![]() | Edge 92 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, grouping, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | Chrome 79 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. | |
![]() | Chrome 79 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, grouping, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | FF68 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. | |
![]() | FF68 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, grouping, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links, link home, link about, link contact. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read when tabbing forward, but is read when shift-tabbing backwards. | Home link. About link. Contact link. |
![]() | Chrome 73 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. | |
![]() | Chrome 73 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, grouping, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | FF60 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. | |
![]() | FF60 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, grouping, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links, link home, link about, link contact. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read when tabbing forward, but is read when shift-tabbing backwards. | Home link. About link. Contact link. |
![]() | FF60 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. | |
![]() | FF60 | Tabbing | Legend not read when tabbing forward, but is read when shift-tabbing backwards. | Home link. About link. Contact link. |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links, link home, link about, link contact. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read when tabbing forward, but is read when shift-tabbing backwards. | Home link. About link. Contact link. |
![]() | FF48 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. | |
![]() | FF48 | Tabbing | Legend not read when tabbing forward, but is read when shift-tabbing backwards. | Home link. About link. Contact link. |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links, link home, link about, link contact. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read when tabbing forward, but is read when shift-tabbing backwards. | Home link. About link. Contact link. |
![]() | FF40 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home, link about, link contact. | |
![]() | FF40 | Tabbing | Legend not read when tabbing forward, but is read when shift-tabbing backwards. | Home link. About link. Contact link. |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links, link home, link about, link contact. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read when tabbing forward, but is read when shift-tabbing backwards. | Home link. About link. Contact link. |
![]() | FF28 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | FF28 | Tabbing | Nice way of grouping related links. | Legend for enclosed links, grouping. Home link. About link. Contact link. |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Nice way of grouping related links. | Legend for enclosed links, grouping. Home link. About link. Contact link. |
![]() | Chrome 105 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | Chrome 105 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links group, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | FF102 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | FF102 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | Edge 105 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | Edge 105 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links group, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | Chrome 94 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | Chrome 94 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links group, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | FF91 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | FF91 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | Edge 94 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | Edge 94 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links group, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | Chrome 86 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | Chrome 86 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links group, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | FF78 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | FF78 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links group, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | Edge 92 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | Edge 92 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links group, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | Chrome 79 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | Chrome 79 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | FF68 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | FF68 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, home link. About link. Contact link. | |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read | Home, link. About, link. Contact, link. |
![]() | Chrome 73 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | Chrome 73 | Tabbing | Tab, legend for enclosed links, home link. Tab, about link. Tab, contact link. | |
![]() | FF60 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | FF60 | Tabbing | Tab, legend for enclosed links, home link. Tab, about link. Tab, contact link. | |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Group start, legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. Group end. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read | Tab, home, link. Tab, about, link. Tab, contact, link. |
![]() | FF52 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | FF52 | Tabbing | Tab, legend for enclosed links, home link. Tab, about link. Tab, contact link. | |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read | Tab, home, link. Tab, about, link. Tab, contact, link. |
![]() | FF48 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | FF48 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, home, link. About, link. Contact, link. | |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read | Home, link. About, link. Contact, link. |
![]() | FF40 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | FF40 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, home, link. About, link. Contact, link. | |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read | Home, link. About, link. Contact, link. |
![]() | FF29 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | FF29 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, home, link. About, link. Contact, link. | |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read | Home, link. About, link. Contact, link. |
![]() | FF29 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | FF29 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, home, link. About, link. Contact, link. | |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read | Home, link. About, link. Contact, link. |
![]() | FF29 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | FF29 | Tabbing | Legend for enclosed links, home, link. About, link. Contact, link. | |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read | Home, link. About, link. Contact, link. |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link home. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read | Link home. Link about. Link contact. |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend not read | Link home. Link about. Link contact. |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend read out for every link. | Link, legend for enclosed links, home. Link, legend for enclosed links, about. Link, legend for enclosed links, contact. |
![]() | Safari 15.6 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links, group. Legend for enclosed links. Link, home. Link, about. Link, contact. End of, legend for enclosed links, group. | |
![]() | Safari 15.6 | Tabbing | Legend read out for every link. | Link home, legend for enclosed links, legend for enclosed links, group. Link about, legend for enclosed links. Link contact, legend for enclosed links. |
![]() | Safari 15.0 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links, group. Legend for enclosed links. Link, home. Link, about. Link, contact. End of, legend for enclosed links, group. | |
![]() | Safari 15.0 | Tabbing | Legend read out for every link. | Link home, legend for enclosed links, legend for enclosed links, group. Link about, legend for enclosed links. Link contact, legend for enclosed links. |
![]() | Safari 14.1 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links, group. Legend for enclosed links. Link, home. Link, about. Link, contact. End of, legend for enclosed links, group. | |
![]() | Safari 14.1 | Tabbing | Legend read out for every link. | Link home, legend for enclosed links, legend for enclosed links, group. Link about, legend for enclosed links. Link contact, legend for enclosed links. |
![]() | Safari 13.0 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links, group. Legend for enclosed links. Link, home. Link, about. Link, contact. End of, legend for enclosed links, group. | |
![]() | Safari 13.0 | Tabbing | Legend read out for every link. | Link home, legend for enclosed links, legend for enclosed links, group. Link about, legend for enclosed links. Link contact, legend for enclosed links. |
![]() | Safari 12.1 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links, group. Legend for enclosed links. Link, home. Link, about. Link, contact. End of, legend for enclosed links, group. | |
![]() | Safari 12.1 | Tabbing | Legend read out for every link. | Link home, legend for enclosed links, legend for enclosed links, group. Link about, legend for enclosed links. Link contact, legend for enclosed links. |
![]() | Safari 10.1.2 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links, group, with 2 items. 2 items in legend for enclosed links, group, with 2 items, 4 items, legend for enclosed links. Link, home. Link, about. Link, contact. | |
![]() | Safari 10.1.2 | Tabbing | Legend read out for every link. | Link home, legend for enclosed links. Link about, legend for enclosed links. Link contact, legend for enclosed links. |
![]() | Safari 9.1.2 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links, with 2 items, group. 2 items interact with legend for enclosed links, with 2 items, group 4 items, legend for enclosed links. Link, home. Link, about. Link, contact. | |
![]() | Safari 9.1.2 | Tabbing | Link home, legend for enclosed links. Link about. Link contact. | |
![]() | Safari 8.0.6 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links, group. Interact with legend for enclosed links, group, 3 items, link, home. Link, about. Link, contact. | |
![]() | Safari 8.0.6 | Tabbing | Legend not read | Link home. Link about. Link contact. |
![]() | Safari 7.0.3 | Reading | Legend read out for every link. | Link, home, legend for enclosed links. Link, about, legend for enclosed links. Link, contact, legend for enclosed links. |
![]() | Safari 7.0.3 | Tabbing | Legend read out for every link. | Link, home, legend for enclosed links. Link, about, legend for enclosed links. Link, contact, legend for enclosed links. |
![]() | Safari iOS 15.6 | Touch | The fieldset is announced as a form, but contains no form controls. | Legend for enclosed links, form start. Home, link. About, link. Contact, link end, legend for enclosed links, form end. |
![]() | Safari iOS 14.7 | Touch | The fieldset is announced as a form, but contains no form controls. | Legend for enclosed links, form start. Home, link. About, link. Contact, link end, legend for enclosed links, form end. |
![]() | Safari iOS 13.3 | Touch | The fieldset is announced as a form, but contains no form controls. | Legend for enclosed links, form start. Home, link. About, link. Contact, link end, legend for enclosed links, form end. |
![]() | Safari iOS 12.4 | Touch | The fieldset is announced as a form, but contains no form controls. | Legend for enclosed links, form start. Home, link. About, link. Contact, link end, legend for enclosed links, form end. |
![]() | Safari iOS 11.4 | Touch | The fieldset is announced as a form, but contains no form controls. | Legend for enclosed links, form start. Home, link. About, link. Contact, link. End, legend for enclosed links. End form. |
![]() | Safari iOS 10.3 | Touch | Legend for enclosed links. Home, link. About, link. Contact, link. | |
![]() | Safari iOS 9.1 | Touch | Legend for enclosed links. Home, link. About, link. Contact, link. | |
![]() | Safari iOS 8.4 | Touch | Legend not read | Home, link. About, link. Contact, link. |
![]() | Safari iOS 7.1 | Touch | Legend for enclosed links. Home, link. About, link. Contact, link. | |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Home, link. About, link. Contact, link. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read | Home, link. About, link. Contact, link. |
![]() | IE11 | Reading | Legend for enclosed links. Link Home. Link About. Link Contact. | |
![]() | IE11 | Tabbing | Legend not read | Home, link. About, link. Contact, link. |
Test notes
All tests were carried out with screen reader factory settings. JAWS in particular has a wide variety of settings controlling exactly what gets spoken.
Screen readers allow users to interact in different modes, and can produce very different results in each mode. The modes used in these tests are:
- Reading Content read using the “read next” command in a screen reader
- Tabbing Content read using the “tab” key in a screen reader
- Heading Content read using the “next heading” key in a screen reader
- Touch Content read when touching an area of screen on a mobile device
In the “What the user hears” column:
- Commas represent short pauses in screen reader voicing
- Full Stops represent places where voicing stops, and the “read next” or “tab” or “next heading” command is pressed again
- Ellipsis … represent a long pause in voicing
- (Brackets) represent voicing that requires a keystroke to hear